This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,'

This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,'

22/09/2025
27/10/2025

This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,' commemorating the 200th anniversary of Edward Jenner's vaccination of James Phipps with cowpox virus and subsequent challenge with smallpox virus. Insight into the nature of viruses, and how viruses interact with mammalian cells, has evolved since the turn of the century.

This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,'
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,'
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,' commemorating the 200th anniversary of Edward Jenner's vaccination of James Phipps with cowpox virus and subsequent challenge with smallpox virus. Insight into the nature of viruses, and how viruses interact with mammalian cells, has evolved since the turn of the century.
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,'
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,' commemorating the 200th anniversary of Edward Jenner's vaccination of James Phipps with cowpox virus and subsequent challenge with smallpox virus. Insight into the nature of viruses, and how viruses interact with mammalian cells, has evolved since the turn of the century.
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,'
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,' commemorating the 200th anniversary of Edward Jenner's vaccination of James Phipps with cowpox virus and subsequent challenge with smallpox virus. Insight into the nature of viruses, and how viruses interact with mammalian cells, has evolved since the turn of the century.
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,'
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,' commemorating the 200th anniversary of Edward Jenner's vaccination of James Phipps with cowpox virus and subsequent challenge with smallpox virus. Insight into the nature of viruses, and how viruses interact with mammalian cells, has evolved since the turn of the century.
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,'
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,' commemorating the 200th anniversary of Edward Jenner's vaccination of James Phipps with cowpox virus and subsequent challenge with smallpox virus. Insight into the nature of viruses, and how viruses interact with mammalian cells, has evolved since the turn of the century.
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,'
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,' commemorating the 200th anniversary of Edward Jenner's vaccination of James Phipps with cowpox virus and subsequent challenge with smallpox virus. Insight into the nature of viruses, and how viruses interact with mammalian cells, has evolved since the turn of the century.
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,'
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,' commemorating the 200th anniversary of Edward Jenner's vaccination of James Phipps with cowpox virus and subsequent challenge with smallpox virus. Insight into the nature of viruses, and how viruses interact with mammalian cells, has evolved since the turn of the century.
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,'
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,' commemorating the 200th anniversary of Edward Jenner's vaccination of James Phipps with cowpox virus and subsequent challenge with smallpox virus. Insight into the nature of viruses, and how viruses interact with mammalian cells, has evolved since the turn of the century.
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,'
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,' commemorating the 200th anniversary of Edward Jenner's vaccination of James Phipps with cowpox virus and subsequent challenge with smallpox virus. Insight into the nature of viruses, and how viruses interact with mammalian cells, has evolved since the turn of the century.
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,'
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,'
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,'
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,'
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,'
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,'
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,'
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,'
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,'
This year, 1996, has been designated the 'Year of the Vaccine,'

Host: The evening had settled gently, the room bathed in soft, fading light. The city outside hummed quietly, the sounds of distant cars and voices muffled by the stillness inside. Jeeny sat at the table, her hands wrapped around a warm mug, her eyes focused, as though she were gathering thoughts that had been swirling in her mind. Jack, standing near the window, stared out into the dimming world, lost in the rhythm of his own thoughts. The air felt thick with unspoken ideas, waiting to be shared.

Host: The silence between them was palpable, each of them feeling the weight of the moment. Finally, Jeeny spoke, her voice soft but carrying a quiet intensity. The words she spoke were deliberate, and they had the kind of weight that seemed to change the very atmosphere of the room.

Jeeny: “I was thinking about something Mark Mobius said: ‘If you ever want to eat a tuna sandwich again, don’t go to a tuna factory. I visited one where they had two lines: one was the human food line and one was the cat food line — and they didn’t look any different.’ Do you think that’s true, Jack? That sometimes, when we dig too deep into the reality of something, we lose the ability to see it as we once did?”

Jack: He turned slightly, his expression contemplative, the words hanging in the air for a moment. “I get what he’s saying. Weird, isn’t it? The idea that when you see something for what it really is — up close, in all its gritty truth — it loses its allure. You think tuna is just food, but then you see it being processed on the same line for both humans and cats, and something gets lost. That innocence, that ability to just enjoy it without knowing the full picture, vanishes. Maybe that’s the problem with really knowing the truth. It strips away the comfort of illusion.”

Jeeny: “Exactly. But there’s more to it, right? It’s not just about the discomfort of seeing the truth. It’s about how the truth changes our relationship with what we consume, with what we’re comfortable with. Awareness doesn’t just inform us, it shifts our perspective. Sometimes, knowing the details changes everything. But should that stop us from enjoying things? Should we stop eating tuna because we’ve seen how it’s made?”

Jack: His gaze turned back toward the window, a faint flicker of unease passing over his face. “It’s not about stopping it. It’s about the dissonance, the gap between knowing something and continuing to act like it’s the same thing you once thought it was. Once you see behind the curtain, you can’t unsee it. It’s like childhood — you have that innocent enjoyment of something, but when you grow up and understand the full picture, it loses that sense of purity. That’s what bothers me. Truth has a way of ruining the simple joy of ignorance.”

Jeeny: She leaned forward, her eyes fixed on him, her voice steady but probing. “But isn’t that just part of growing? Maybe the discomfort is necessary. Maybe truth isn’t meant to be comforting; it’s meant to challenge us. The question isn’t whether we can go back to a time when we didn’t know the full story. The real question is what we do with what we know now. Does it make us better? Does it help us make choices that align with our values? That’s where the power of truth lies.”

Jack: “But truth can also paralyze you. It can leave you questioning everything. If you know that the tuna you eat might have been processed the same way for a pet as for a person, does that change how you feel when you eat it? Can you truly enjoy it after knowing how it’s treated, how it’s handled? Maybe that’s why people avoid certain truths — because they’re hard to carry. They’re burdens that we have to live with once we know.”

Jeeny: She paused, her expression thoughtful, but with a quiet certainty in her eyes. “Maybe ignorance is a kind of bliss, Jack. But what’s the cost of that bliss? Are we living fully when we’re ignoring the truth, when we’re choosing not to see what’s really happening? I think the discomfort is part of the journey. Truth isn’t about making life easier, it’s about making us more aware, more responsible in how we move through the world.”

Jack: He shifted, his body language softening. “I suppose it comes down to what we can live with, doesn’t it? The knowledge, the truth, forces us to confront our choices. But sometimes, the more you know, the more you feel disconnected from the world. It’s like the more truths I uncover, the less simplistic my life becomes. It’s harder to find satisfaction in the things I once enjoyed.”

Jeeny: “But maybe that’s the point. Satisfaction doesn’t come from avoiding discomfort or pretending things aren’t as they are. It comes from understanding, from awareness, and then making decisions that align with what you believe is right. Yes, the truth can be uncomfortable, but it’s also what gives us freedom. We don’t just eat a tuna sandwich because we’re told to. We eat it because we understand the impact of our choices and choose to be at peace with them.”

Host: The room grew quieter now, the weight of the conversation settling between them like a subtle but profound truth. The flickering light from the window now felt softer, more distant, as though it too were reflecting the realization that sometimes, knowing the truth forces us to confront uncomfortable realities. Jack and Jeeny sat together, both of them silently processing the shift in their understanding — that awareness wasn’t about making everything easier, but about giving us the tools to make better decisions, even when those decisions were tough to face.

Jack: “Maybe that’s the key, Jeeny. It’s not about running from the truth, it’s about embracing it, even when it’s uncomfortable. Truth gives us freedom, but it also gives us the responsibility to live with it.”

Jeeny: “Yes, exactly. Once we accept the truth, we can choose how to act, how to live in a way that aligns with what we know. That’s where true freedom comes from — not in ignorance, but in understanding and living with that understanding.”

Host: The night outside had deepened, and with it, the understanding between them. Jack and Jeeny had found common ground in the realization that truth was not meant to be hidden from, but faced head-on. It was the awareness of the truth that empowered them to make better, more conscious choices. The evening had turned quiet, and with it, a sense of clarity had settled — that awareness, though sometimes painful, was the key to making truly informed, responsible decisions.

The night continued, but inside, Jack and Jeeny had reached a quiet reconciliation — the understanding that in seeking the truth, they would not only face discomfort, but also freedom, clarity, and empowerment.

Peter C. Doherty
Peter C. Doherty

Australian - Scientist Born: October 15, 1940

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